Motivation2Learn Lab Publications
​
Pre-registered Research Protocols for Ongoing Studies:
*with Motivation2Learn Lab Ph.D. Student #Motivation2learn Lab postdoc
​​​
#Jiang, J., & Fryer, L. K. (2022, April 09). Digital simulation-based learning: a systematic review of review and meta-analysis. PROSPERO
2022 CRD42022315933 Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022315933
#Jiang, J., & Fryer, L. K. (2022, April 09). Multi-user virtual reality simulation-based learning and training: a systematic review.
https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/A7XSW
#Jiang, J., & Fryer, L. K. (2022, June 22). What kind of built-in social tools keep students in MOOCs: a scoping
review. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/VZ6WR
#Simon, P..D., Zeng, L.M., & Fryer, L.K. (2022, December 9). A systematic review of student engagement research in adaptive learning
platforms. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/XSE86
#Simon, P.D. & Fryer, L.K. (2023, October 6), Scoping review and bibliometric analysis of research on augmented reality in
environmental education. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ZV9K5
*Guo, Z., & Fryer, L. K. (2022, January 19). What really elicits learners’ situational interest in the learning activities: A protocol for a
scoping review on the most frequently addressed situational interest sources among existing empirical studies in educational settings. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/AWUQK
Fryer, L. K., Edelsbrunner, P. A., Dumas, D., *Shum, A., & #Simon, P. D. (2023, December 16). Justifying your SEM.
https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/CFYQT
*Huang, W., #Jiang, J., & Fryer, L. K. (2024, January 5). How chatbots support students’ learning motivation: A scoping
review. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/YFS3Q
*Li, C. & Fryer, L. K. (2022, July 28). The use of points, badges, and leaderboards individually or concurrently in gamified educational
settings: A systematic review protocol. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/BXJ7Z
*Li, C. & Fryer, L. K. (2023, May 20). Investigating the effectiveness of badges and leaderboards on secondary school students’ interest, self-
efficacy, and academic performance in an English language learning course. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/JFSDU
​
​
Pre-registered Research Protocols for Published Studies:
​
#Simon, P.D.,# Jiang, J., & Fryer, L.K. (2023, December 30), A scoping review of measures of students' and teachers' experiences in
learning management systems. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/TBWP9
​
*Li, C., & Fryer, L. K. (2022, February 28). The playing motivations of male and female gamers and the effects of stereotypes on their
motivations in Honour of Kings. https://archive.org/details/osf-registrations-xrybt-v1
​
evaluation of past research and paths forward for research and practice. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/P76CA
​
#Jiang, J., #Simon, P.D., & Fryer, L.K. (2023. March 20). Capturing students' LMS experience: Measurement invariance across Chinese
and English versions. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/VAQU7
​
*Li, C., Fryer, L. K., & Chu, S. K. W. (2021, September 15). Utilising gamified formative assessment to support English language
in schools: A protocol for a scoping review. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/6VXFE
*Liang, L., & Fryer, L. K. (2022, October 5). Protocol for a scoping review on the effectiveness of phonological-based instruction in
improving East-Asian EFL learners’ English reading ability.https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/VZFUW
​
Recently or soon to be Presented:
*with Motivation2Learn Lab Ph.D. Student #Motivation2learn Lab postdoc
​​
​Fryer, L. K. & Nakao, K. (2024). A Psychological Platform For GenAI And Human Co- Piloting In Education. SIG 6 & 7 EARLIAt: Tübingen,
Germany (University of Tübingen). http://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.29257.97122
​
*Zhong, Y., Fryer, L. K., Zheng, S., Shum, A., & Chu, S. K. W. (2024). Effectiveness of Skills Transfer from Competitive Sandbox Gaming
Environment to Near and Far Contexts. SIG 6 & 7 EARLI At: Tübingen, Germany (University of Tübingen). http://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.30319.04006.
​
*Liang, L., Oga-Baldwin, W. Q., Nakao, K., Fryer, L. K., & *Shum, A. (2024). Transitioning from paper to touch interface: Phoneme-
grapheme recognition testing and gamification in primary school classrooms.SIG 6 & 7 EARLI At: Tübingen, Germany (University of Tübingen). http://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31224.05126
​
Fryer, L. K & Oga-Baldwin, W. L. (2024). Motivation to Learn Across Middle School Subjects. SIG 8, EARLI: Bern Switzerland (University of
Bern). http://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.30142.70720
​
Jiang, J., & Fryer, L. K. (2023). What kind of built-in social tools keep students in MOOCs?: A scoping review. 18th International
Conference on Motivation (ICM 2024). Bern, Switzerland. http://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.19388.24966/1
Huang, W., Jiang, J., & Fryer, L. K. (2023). How chatbots support student motivation in learning: A scoping review. EARLI SIG 6&7
Conference 2024. Tübingen, Germany. http://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20227.11047
​
*Guo, Z. X. & Fryer, L.K. (2024). The Role of Three Types of Personal Relevance in Middle School Math Class Interest. SIG 8, EARLI At:
Bern, Switzerland. http://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31296.14082
​
​​​​​​Outputs BY YEAR:
*with Motivation2Learn Lab Ph.D. Student #Motivation2learn Lab postdoc
​
​2024
​#Jiang, J. & Fryer, L. K. (in production). What kind of built-in social tools keep students in MOOCs: a scoping review. Education and
Information Technologies.
#​Jiang, J., Goepel,G., Crolla K., Fryer, L. K.(2024). Impact of extended reality on students’ interest, self-efficacy and performance in
architecture education: A mixed-methods research. Advanced Engineering Informatics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2024.102744
Fryer, L. K., *Shum. A., *Bovee, H. N., Nakao, K., & Ozono, S. ( in press). Short and long(er)-term returns of self-efficacy’s latent growth:
Class attendance and longitudinal impact on knowledge, proximal and distal interest. Educational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2024.2387549
Fryer, L. K. & *Shum, A. (in production). Math task experiences and motivation to learn more: how prior knowledge, interest and
self-efficacy with task-interest & task-difficulty together feed a desire to reengage with learning. British Journal of Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.4057
​
Fryer, L. K., *Guo, Z, *Li, C., *Liang, L., & *Zhong, Y. (in press). Self-efficacy in language classrooms: A systematic review and critical
evaluation with directions for future research/practice. Studies in Second Language Teaching.
*Li, C., Fryer, L. K. & Chu, S. K. W. (2024). Utilising gamified formative assessment to support English language learning in
schools: A scoping review. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2024.2352789
​
#Jiang, J., #Simon, P.D., & Fryer, L.K. (2024). Capturing students’ LMS experience: Measurement invariance across Chinese and
English versions. Journal of Computing in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-024-09402-8
​
#Simon, P.D., #Jiang, J., Fryer, L.K., King, R.B., & Frondozo, C.E. (in press). An assessment of learning management system use in higher
education: Perspectives from a comprehensive sample of teachers and students. Technology, Knowledge, and Learning. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-024-09734-5
​
Fryer, L. K., Ronnel K., Zeng, M. (2024). Student Engagement Across Pacific Asia: Steps toward a Shared Framework. Spring-Nature
Education Series. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0558-0
​
*Li, C., Fryer, L. K., & *Shum, A. (2024). The Playing Motivations of Male and Female Gamers and the Effects of Stereotypes on Their Motivations in Honor of Kings. Simulation & Gaming. https://doi.org/10.1177/10468781241238299
​
*Liang, L. Oga-Baldwin, W. L., Nakao, K., *Shum. A. & Fryer, L. K. (In press). Transitioning from Paper to Touch interface: Phoneme-
Grapheme Recognition Testing and Gamification in Primary school classrooms. Technology in Language Teaching & Learning.
​
Ronnel, K. & Fryer, L. K. (2024. Hybridising our educational theories: Towards a more robust approach to educational research.
Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09850-9
Nakao, K., Oga-Baldwin, W. L., & Fryer, L. K. (2024). Developing phoneme-grapheme recognition in English as a foreign language: A
longitudinal study at Japanese primary school. International Electronic Journal of Elementary School Education. https://doi.org/10.26822/iejee.2024.335
​
#Simon, P., Bridges, S. & Fryer, L. K. (in press). Climate change discussion with family and friends and media exposure’s influence on
support for decarbonisation policies in Hong Kong: The mediating role of climate worry.
#Simon, P.D., Fryer, L. K. and Nakao K. (2024). Assessing class participation in physical and virtual spaces: Current approaches and
issues. Frontiers in Education. https:// doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1306568
#Jiang, J. & Fryer, L. K. (2024). The effect of virtual reality learning on students' motivation to
learn: A scoping review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. https//:doi.org/ 10.1111/jcal.12885
2023
Dinsmore, D., Fryer, L. K. & Dumas D. (2023). A theoretical and meta-theoretical reframing of the development of cognitive
processing and learning. Educational Psychology Review. 35 (66). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09789-3
​
Fryer, L. K., *Bovee, H. N., Witkins, N, & Mathews, P. (2023). Nudging students’ interest: A large-scale motivation-commercial
experimental proof of concept. System. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2023.103162
​
*Shum, A. & Fryer, L. K. (2023). Grade goal effects on the interplay between motivation and performance in undergraduate gateway
mathematics courses. Contemporary Educational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102228
​
#Simon, P.D., #Jiang, J., & Fryer, L.K. (2023), Measurement of Higher Education Students’ and Teachers’ Experiences in Learning
Management Systems: A Scoping Review. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2023.2266154
​
Fryer, L. K. & Leenknecht, M. (2023). Toward an Organising Theoretical Model for Teacher Clarity, Feedback and Self‑Efficacy in the
Classroom. Educational Psychology Review, 35 (3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09787-5
​
Person-centred meta-re-analyses of university students' learning strategies from a cross-cultural perspective. Higher Education.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-023-01062-4
​
Fryer, L. K., Zeng, L. M.,*Shum, A., Wong, C., & Ho, C. C. (2023). “Was that Interesting?” & “Does it Matter?”: The implications of on-task
learning experiences. Studies in Educational Evaluation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2022.101230
Shao, K., Kutuk, G., Nicholson, L. J., & Fryer, L. K. (2023). Factors influencing Chinese undergraduate students’ emotions in an online
language learning context during the COVID pandemic. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning.
https://doi-org.eproxy.lib.hku.hk/10.1111/jcal.12791
​
(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09755-z
Fryer, L.K., *Shum, A., Nakao, K. (2023). Motivation to Learn in Open, Distance, and Digital Education. In: Handbook of Open, Distance
and Digital Education. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0351-9_52-1
​
​
2022​
characteristics that are useful. Theory Into Practice. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2022.2107333
​
and Digital Education. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0351-9_52-1
​
Fryer, L. K., Bovee, H. N. & Nakao, K. (2022). Self-efficacy latent growth trajectories' longitudinal links with achievement and
interest: Both baseline and growth rate are important for interest outcomes. British Journal of Educational Psychology. http://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.
​
*Huang, W., Hew T. & Fryer, L. K. (2022). Chatbots for language learning—are they really useful? A systematic review of chatbot-supported
language learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. http://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12610
​
Nakao, K., Oga-Baldwin, W. L. Q., & Fryer, L. K. (2022, Fall). Phonemic awareness as fundamental listening skill: A cross-sectional, cohort
study of elementary foreign language learners. Asia Tefl. Vol. 19, No. 2, Summer, 2022, 609-618 http://dx.doi.org/10.18823/asiatefl.2022.19.2.13.609
*Shum, A., Fryer, L. K., & Cano, F. (2022). Nature vs Nurture: Predicting learning strategy patterns and their outcomes. Higher Education
Research and Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2021.1985088
​
2021
Zeng, L. M., Fryer, L. K., & Zhao, M. (2021). Integrating student learning and university engagement models: Toward a comprehensive
assessment of the university student experience student learning experience for quality assurance in higher education. Higher Education Quarterly. http://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12363
Fryer, L. K., *Shum, A., Lee, A. & Lau, P. (2021). Mapping students' interest in a new domain: Connecting prior knowledge, interest, and self-
efficacy with interesting tasks and a lasting desire to reengage. Learning and Instruction. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2021.101493
​
Gegenfurtner, A., Narciss, S., Fryer, L. K., Järvelä, S., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (2021). Affective Learning in Digital Education. Frontiers in
Psychology, 11(3972). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.630966.
Leenknecht, M., Wijnia, L., Köhlen, M., Fryer, L. K., Rikers, R., & Loyens, S. (2021). Formative assessment as practice: the role of students’
motivation, Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2020.1765228
​
Oga-baldwin, W. & Fryer, L. K. (2021). Engagement growth in language learning classrooms A latent growth analysis of emotional,
behavioral and cognitive engagement in Japanese elementary school classrooms. Tokyo: Multilingual Matters.
​
Fryer, L. K., Zeng, L, & Zhao, M. (2021). Assessing university & programme experiences: Towards an integrated Asia Pacific approach.
Frontiers in Education. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.748590
​
Fryer, L. K. & Bovee, H. N. (2020). Teaching for course interest. Studies in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1712692
​
​
2020
*Shum, A., Lau, P. F. & Fryer, L.K. (2020). Wiping the slate clean: (Re)Training graduate teaching assistants’ teaching approaches and
developing self-efficacy for and interest in teaching. Higher Education Research and Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2020.1818063.​
​
Fryer, L. K., Coniam, D., Carpenter, R., & Lăpușneanu, D. (2020). Bots for language learning now: Current and future directions. Language
Learning & Technology, 24(2), 8–22. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10125/44719
​
Fryer, L. K., Thompson, A., Nakao, K., Howarth, M., & Gallacher, A. (2020). Supporting self-efficacy beliefs and interest as educational inputs
and outcomes: Framing AI and Human partnered task experience. Learning and Individual Differences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101850
Fryer, L. K. & Dinsmore, D. L. (2020). The Promise and Pitfalls of Self-report: Development, research design and analysis issues, and
multiple methods. Frontline Learning Research.https://doi.org/10.14786/flr.v8i3.623
Oga-baldwin, W. L. & Fryer, L. K. (2020). Girls show better quality motivation to learn languages than boys: Latent profiles and their gender
differences. Heliyon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04054
​
Fryer, L. K. & Nakao, K. (2020). The Future of Survey Self-report: An experimental test of Likert, VAS, Slide, & “Swipe” touch
interfaces. FrontLine Learning Research. https://doi.org/10.14786/flr.v8i2.502
Oga-Baldwin & Fryer, L. K. (2020). Profiles of language learning motivation: Are new and own languages different? Learning and Individual
Differences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101852
​
​
2019
*Shum, A. & Fryer, L. K. (2019). Impact Of A Short Teaching And Learning Communication Skills Training Course: Research Postgraduate
Students' (RPgs) Transitions In Teaching And Learning. Asian Journal of Scholarship of Teaching. 9(2). 97-118.
​
Oga-Baldwin, W. L. Q., Fryer, L. K. & Larson-Hall, J. (2019). The critical role of the individual in language education: New directions from the
learning sciences. System. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2019.102118
Fryer, L. K. (2019). Getting interested in learning a language at school: Developing a sustainable source of classroom engagement. System.
doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.system.2019.102120
​
Dinsmore, D. & Fryer, L. K. (2019). Developing learners’ cognitive strategies and the motivations to use them: Rethinking Education
Policy. Policy Insights from Behavioral and Brain Science. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2372732219860862
​
Fryer, L. K. & Oga-Baldwin, W. (2019). Succeeding at junior high school: Students’ reasons, their reach and the teaching that h(inders)elps
their grasp. Contemporary Educational Psychology. 59 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101778.
Fryer, L. K., Nakao, K. & Thompson, A. (2019). Chatbot learning partners: Connecting learning experiences, interest and
competence. Computers in Human Behaviour. 93,279-289. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.12.023
​
Fryer, L. K. & Ainley, M. (2019). Supporting interest in a study domain: A longitudinal test of the interplay between interest, utility-value, and
competence beliefs. Learning and Instruction. 60, 252-262. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2017.11.002
​
2018
Fryer, L. K. & Ginns, P. (2018). A reciprocal test of perceptions of teaching quality and approaches to learning: A longitudinal examination of
teaching-learning connections. Educational Psychology. 8.1032-1049. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2017.1403568.
Oga-Baldwin, W. L. Q. & Fryer, L. K. (2018). Schools can improve motivational quality: Profile transitions across early foreign language
learning experiences. Motivation and Emotion. 42. 527-545. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-018-9681-7
​
Fryer, L. K. & Bovee, H. N. (2018). Staying motivated to e-learn: Person- and variable-centred perspectives on the longitudinal risks and
support. Computers and Education. 120, 227-240 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.01.006
Fryer, L. K., Ginns, P., Howarth, M., Anderson, C. J., & Ozono, S. (2018). Modelling students’ individual differences in attendance: Why do
students skip class? Educational Psychology. 38, 470-486. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2017.1403567
Dinsmore, D. & Fryer, L. K. (2018). The Intersection between depth and the regulation of strategy use. British Journal of Educational
Psychology. 88, 1-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12209
Fryer, L. K. & Vermunt, J. D. (2018). Regulating approaches to learning: Testing learning strategy convergences across a year at
university. British Journal of Educational Psychology. 88, 21-41. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12169
​
2017
Fryer, L. K. & Oga-baldwin, W. (2017). One more reason to learn a new language: Testing academic self-efficacy transfer during first year at
junior high school. Frontline Learning Research. 5, 61-75. doi: https://doi.org/10.14786/flr.v5i4.301
Fryer, L. K., Ainley, M., Thompson, A., Gibson, A., & Sherlock, Z. (2017). Stimulating and sustaining interest in a language course: An
experimental comparison of Chatbot and Human task partners. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 461-468. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.05.045
Fryer, L. K. & Gijbels, D. (2017). Student learning in higher education: Where we are and paths forward. Educational Psychology Review. 29,
199-203. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-017-9415-5
​
Fryer, L. K. (2017). (Latent) transitions to learning at university: A latent profile transition analysis of first-year Japanese students. Higher
Education. 73, 519-537. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-016-0094-9
​
Fryer, L. K. (2017). Building bridges: Seeking structure and direction for motivated learning strategy models.Educational Psychology
Review. 29, 325-344. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-017-9405-7
​
2016
Fryer, L. K., Ginns, P. & Walker, R. A. (2016). Reciprocal modelling of students’ regulation strategies and motivational deficits for
studying. Learning and Individual Differences. 51, 220-228. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2016.08.032
​
Fryer, L. K., Van den Broeck, A. Ginns, P. & Nakao, K. (2016). Understanding students’ instrumental goals, motivation deficits and
achievement: Through the Lens of a latent profile analysis. Psychologica Belgica, 56, 226–243, doi: https://doi.org/10.5334/pb.265
​
Fryer, L. K., Ainley, M. & Thompson, A. (2016). Modelling the links between students’ interest in a domain, the tasks they experience and
their interest in a course: Isn’t interest what university is all about? Learning and Individual differences. 50, 57-165 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2016.08.011
​
Fryer, L. K., & Bovee, H. N. (2016). Supporting students’ motivation for e-learning assignments: Teachers matter on and offline. Internet
and Higher Education. 30, 21-29. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2016.03.003
​
≤2015
Fryer, L. K. (2015). Predicting self-concept, interest and achievement for first-year university students: The seeds of lifelong
learning. Learning and Individual Differences, 38, 107-114. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2015.01.007
​
Ginns, P., Loughland A., Tierney, R. J., Fryer, L. K., Amazan R., & McCormick, A. (2015). Evaluation of the Learning to Teach for Social Justice–
Beliefs Scale in an Australian context. Higher Education Research & Development, 34, 311-323. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2014.956701
​
Fryer, L. K., Ginns, P. & Walker, R. (2014). Between students' instrumental goals and how they learn: Goal content is the gap to mind. British
Journal of Educational Psychology, 84, 612-30. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12052.
​
Fryer, L. K., Bovee, H. N., & Nakao, K. (2014). E-learning: Reasons language students don't want to. Computers & Education, 74, 26-36. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.01.008
​
Fryer. L. K., Carter, P., Ozono, S., Nakao, K., & Anderson, C. J. (2013) Instrumental reasons for studying in compulsory English courses: I
didn’t come to university to study English, so why should I? Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching. 8, 239-256 doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2013.835314
​
Fryer, L. K., Ginns, P., Walker, R. W., & Nakao, K. (2012). The adaptation and validation of the CEQ and the R-SPQ-2F to the Japanese tertiary
environment. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 549-563. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.2011.02045.x
​
Fryer, L. K., & Carpenter, R. (2006). Bots as language learning tools. Language Learning and Technology, 10, 8-14. Permanent Online
Location: llt.msu.edu/vol10num3/emerging/
​
​
==================================================================================================================
BY TOPIC:
Motivations to Learn
Fryer, L. K., *Bovee, H. N., Witkins, N, & Mathews, P. (online). Nudging students’ interest: A large-scale motivation-commercial experimental proof of concept. System. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2023.103162
​
Fryer, L. K., Zeng, L. M.,*Shum, A., Wong, C., & Ho, C. C. (2023). “Was that Interesting?” & “Does it Matter?”: The implications of on-task learning experiences. Studies in Educational Evaluation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2022.101230.
​
Fryer, L. K., Bovee, H. N. & Nakao, K. (2022). Self-efficacy latent growth trajectories' longitudinal links with achievement and interest: Both baseline and growth rate are important for interest outcomes. British Journal of Educational Psychology. http://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.
​
*Shum, A., Lau, P. F. & Fryer, L. K. (2021). Wiping the slate clean: (Re)Training graduate teaching assistants’ teaching approaches and developing self-efficacy for and interest in teaching. Higher Education Research and Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2020.1818063.​
​
Fryer, L. K., Thompson, A., Nakao, K., Howarth, M., & Gallacher, A. (2020). Supporting self-efficacy beliefs and interest as educational inputs and outcomes: Framing AI and Human partnered task experience. Learning and Individual Differences. doi: 10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101850
​
Oga-Baldwin & Fryer, L. K. (2020). Profiles of language learning motivation: Are new and own languages different? Learning and Individual Differences. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101852
​
Fryer, L. K. & Oga-Baldwin, W. (2019). Succeeding at junior high school: Students’ reasons, their reach and the teaching that h(inders)elps their grasp. Contemporary Educational Psychology. 59 doi: /10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101778.
​
Fryer, L. K. & Ainley, M. (2019). Supporting interest in a study domain: A longitudinal test of the interplay between interest, utility-value, and competence beliefs. Learning and Instruction. 60, 252-262. doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2017.11.002
​
Oga-Baldwin, W. L. Q. & Fryer, L. K. (2018). Schools can improve motivational quality: Profile transitions across early foreign language learning experiences. Motivation and Emotion. 42. 527-545. doi: 10.1007/s11031-018-9681-7
​
Fryer, L. K., Ginns, P., Howarth, M., Anderson, C. J., & Ozono, S. (2018). Modelling students’ individual differences in attendance: Why do students skip class? Educational Psychology. 38, 470-486. doi: 10.1080/01443410.2017.1403567
​
Fryer, L. K. & Oga-baldwin, W. (2017). One more reason to learn a new language: Testing academic self-efficacy transfer during first year at junior high school. Frontline Learning Research. 5, 61-75. doi: 10.14786/flr.v5i4.301
​
Fryer, L. K., Van den Broeck, A. Ginns, P. & Nakao, K. (2016). Understanding students’ instrumental goals, motivation deficits and achievement: Through the Lens of a latent profile analysis. Psychologica Belgica, 56, 226–243, doi: 10.5334/pb.265
​
Fryer, L. K. (2015). Predicting self-concept, interest and achievement for first-year university students: The seeds of lifelong learning. Learning and Individual Differences, 38, 107-114. doi: 10.1016/j.lindif.2015.01.007
​
Interest and its development at school
Fryer, L. K., *Bovee, H. N., Witkins, N, & Mathews, P. (online). Nudging students’ interest: A large-scale motivation-commercial experimental proof of concept. System. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2023.103162
Fryer, L. K., Zeng, L. M.,*Shum, A., Wong, C., & Ho, C. C. (2023). “Was that Interesting?” & “Does it Matter?”: The implications of on-task learning experiences. Studies in Educational Evaluation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2022.101230.
​
Fryer, L. K., Bovee, H. N. & Nakao, K. (2022). Self-efficacy latent growth trajectories' longitudinal links with achievement and interest: Both baseline and growth rate are important for interest outcomes. British Journal of Educational Psychology. http://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.
​
Fryer, L. K., *Shum, A., Lee, A. & Lau, P. (2021). Mapping students' interest in a new domain: Connecting prior knowledge, interest, and self-efficacy with interesting tasks and a lasting desire to reengage. Learning and Instruction. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2021.101493
​
Fryer, L. K., Thompson, A., Nakao, K., Howarth, M., & Gallacher, A. (2020). Supporting self-efficacy beliefs and interest as educational inputs and outcomes: Framing AI and Human partnered task experience. Learning and Individual Differences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101850
​
Fryer, L. K. , & Bovee, H. N. (2020) Teaching for course interest. Studies in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1712692
​
Fryer, L. K., Nakao, K. & Thompson, A. (2019). Chatbot learning partners: Connecting learning experiences, interest and competence. Computers in Human Behaviour. 93,279-289. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.12.023
​
Fryer, L. K. (2019). Getting interested in learning a language at school: Developing a sustainable source of classroom engagement. System. doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.system.2019.102120
​
Fryer, L. K. & Ainley, M. (2019). Supporting interest in a study domain: A longitudinal test of the interplay between interest, utility-value, and competence beliefs. Learning and Instruction. 60, 252-262. doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2017.11.002
​
Fryer, L. K., Ainley, M., Thompson, A., Gibson, A., & Sherlock, Z. (2017). Stimulating and sustaining interest in a language course: An experimental comparison of Chatbot and Human task partners. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 461-468. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.05.045
​
Fryer, L. K., Ainley, M. & Thompson, A. (2016). Modeling the links between students’ interest in a domain, the tasks they experience and their interest in a course: Isn’t interest what university is all about? Learning and Individual differences. 50, 57-165 doi: 10.1016/j.lindif.2016.08.011
​
Fryer, L. K. (2015). Predicting self-concept, interest and achievement for first-year university students: The seeds of lifelong learning. Learning and Individual Differences, 38, 107-114. doi: 10.1016/j.lindif.2015.01.007
​
Learning Strategies
Shum, A., Fryer, L. K., & Cano, F. (2022). Nature vs Nurture: Predicting learning strategy patterns and their outcomes. Higher Education Research and Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2021.1985088
Shum, A. & Fryer, L. K. (2019). Impact Of A Short Teaching And Learning Communication Skills Training Course: Research Postgraduate Students' (RPgs) Transitions In Teaching And Learning. Asian Journal of Scholarship of Teaching. 9(2). 97-118.
​
Dinsmore, D. & Fryer, L. K. (2019). Developing learners’ cognitive strategies and the motivations to use them: Rethinking Education Policy. Policy Insights from Behavioral and Brain Science. doi: 10.1177/2372732219860862
​
Fryer, L. K. & Ginns, P. (2018). A reciprocal test of perceptions of teaching quality and approaches to learning: A longitudinal examination of teaching-learning connections. Educational Psychology. 8.1032-1049. doi:10.1080/01443410.2017.1403568.
​
Dinsmore, D. & Fryer, L. K. (2018). The Intersection between depth and the regulation of strategy use. British Journal of Educational Psychology. 88, 1-8. doi: 10.1111/bjep.12209
​
Fryer, L. K. & Vermunt, J. D. (2018). Regulating approaches to learning: Testing learning strategy convergences across a year at university. British Journal of Educational Psychology. 88, 21-41. doi: 10.1111/bjep.12169
​
Fryer, L. K. (2017). (Latent) transitions to learning at university: A latent profile transition analysis of first-year Japanese students. Higher Education. 73, 519-537. doi: 10.1007/s10734-016-0094-9
​
Fryer, L. K., Ginns, P. & Walker, R. A. (2016). Reciprocal modelling of students’ regulation strategies and motivational deficits for studying. Learning and Individual Differences. 51, 220-228. doi: 10.1016/j.lindif.2016.08.032
​
Fryer, L. K., Van den Broeck, A. Ginns, P. & Nakao, K. (2016). Understanding students’ instrumental goals, motivation deficits and achievement: Through the Lens of a latent profile analysis. Psychologica Belgica, 56, 226–243, doi: 10.5334/pb.265
​
Fryer, L. K., Ginns, P., Walker, R. W., & Nakao, K. (2012). The adaptation and validation of the CEQ and the R-SPQ-2F to the Japanese tertiary environment. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 549-563. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8279.2011.02045.x
​
Educational Technology
Fryer, L. K. & Bovee, H. N. (2018). Staying motivated to e-learn: Person- and variable-centred perspectives on the longitudinal risks and support. Computers and Education. 120, 227-240 doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2018.01.006
​
Fryer, L. K., & Bovee, H. N. (2016). Supporting students’ motivation for e-learning assignments: Teachers matter on and offline. Internet and Higher Education. 30, 21-29. doi: 10.1016/j.iheduc.2016.03.003
​
Fryer, L. K., Bovee, H. N., & Nakao, K. (2014). E-learning: Reasons language students don't want to. Computers & Education, 74, 26-36. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2014.01.008
​
Fryer, L. K., & Carpenter, R. (2006). Bots as language learning tools. Language Learning and Technology, 10, 8-14. Permanent Online Location: llt.msu.edu/vol10num3/emerging/
​
Higher Education Teaching and Learning
*Fryer, L. K.; Lee, S.; Shum, A. (2020). Student Learning, Development, Engagement, and Motivation in Higher Education. In Oxford Bibliographies in Education. Ed. Anne Hynds. New York: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/OBO/9780199756810-0246
​
Fryer, L. K. & Ginns, P. (2018). A reciprocal test of perceptions of teaching quality and approaches to learning: A longitudinal examination of teaching-learning connections. Educational Psychology. 8.1032-1049. doi:10.1080/01443410.2017.1403568.
​
Fryer, L. K. & Gijbels, D. (2017). Student learning in higher education: Where we are and paths forward. Educational Psychology Review. 29, 199-203. doi: 10.1007/s10648-017-9415-5
​
Fryer, L. K. (2017). (Latent) transitions to learning at university: A latent profile transition analysis of first-year Japanese students. Higher Education. 73, 519-537. doi: 10.1007/s10734-016-0094-9
​
Fryer, L. K. (2017). Building bridges: Seeking structure and direction for motivated learning strategy models.Educational Psychology Review. 29, 325-344. doi: 10.1007/s10648-017-9405-7
​
ChatBots as Learning Partners
Huang, W., Hew T. & Fryer, L. K. (2022). Chatbots for language learning—are they really useful? A systematic review of chatbot-supported language learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. http://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12610
​
Fryer, L. K., Coniam, D., Carpenter, R., & LăpuÈ™neanu, D. (2020). Bots for language learning now: Current and future directions. Language Learning & Technology, 24(2), 8–22. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10125/44719
​
Fryer, L. K., Thompson, A., Nakao, K., Howarth, M., & Gallacher, A. (2020). Supporting self-efficacy beliefs and interest as educational inputs and outcomes: Framing AI and Human partnered task experience. Learning and Individual Differences. doi: 10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101850
​
Fryer, L. K., Nakao, K. & Thompson, A. (2019). Chatbot learning partners: Connecting learning experiences, interest and competence. Computers in Human Behaviour. 93,279-289. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.12.023
​
Fryer, L. K., Ainley, M., Thompson, A., Gibson, A., & Sherlock, Z. (2017). Stimulating and sustaining interest in a language course: An experimental comparison of Chatbot and Human task partners. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 461-468. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.05.045
​
Fryer, L. K., & Nakao, K. (2009). Assessing chatbots for EFL learner use. In A. Stoke (Ed.), JALT2008 Conference Proceedings. Tokyo: JALT. Permanent Online Location: http://jalt-publications.org/proceedings/articles/84-jalt2009-proceedings-contents
​
Fryer, L. K., & Carpenter, R. (2006). Bots as language learning tools. Language Learning and Technology, 10, 8-14. Permanent Online Location: llt.msu.edu/vol10num3/emerging/
​
Learning a New Language at School
Nakao, K., Oga-Baldwin, W. L. Q., & Fryer, L. K. (2022, Fall). Phonemic awareness as fundamental listening skill: A cross-sectional, cohort study of elementary foreign language learners. Asia Tefl.
​
Oga-baldwin, W. L. & Fryer, L. K. (2021). Engagement growth in language learning classrooms A latent growth analysis of emotional, behavioral and cognitive engagement in Japanese elementary school classrooms. Tokyo: Multilingual Matters.
​
Oga-Baldwin, W. L. & Fryer, L. K. (2020). Profiles of language learning motivation: Are new and own languages different? Learning and Individual Differences .https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101852
​
Fryer, L. K. (2019). Getting interested in learning a language at school: Developing a sustainable source of classroom engagement. System. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.system.2019.102120
​
Oga-Baldwin, W. L. Q., Fryer, L. K. & Larson-Hall, J. (2019). The critical role of the individual in language education: New directions from the learning sciences. System. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2019.102118
​
Fryer, L. K. & Oga-Baldwin, W. (2019). Succeeding at junior high school: Students’ reasons, their reach and the teaching that h(inders)elps their grasp. Contemporary Educational Psychology. 59 doi: /10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101778.
​
Fryer, L. K. & Ainley, M. (2019). Supporting interest in a study domain: A longitudinal test of the interplay between interest, utility-value, and competence beliefs. Learning and Instruction. 60, 252-262. doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2017.11.002
​
Oga-Baldwin, W. L. Q. & Fryer, L. K. (2018). Schools can improve motivational quality: Profile transitions across early foreign language learning experiences. Motivation and Emotion. 42. 527-545. doi: 10.1007/s11031-018-9681-7
​
Fryer, L. K. & Oga-baldwin, W. (2017). One more reason to learn a new language: Testing academic self-efficacy transfer during first year at junior high school. Frontline Learning Research. 5, 61-75. doi: https://doi.org/10.14786/flr.v5i4.301
​
Fryer. L. K., Carter, P., Ozono, S., Nakao, K., & Anderson, C. J. (2013) Instrumental reasons for studying in compulsory English courses: I didn’t come to university to study English, so why should I? Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching. 8, 239-256 doi: 10.1080/17501229.2013.835314
​
Enhancing Self-report Methods
Fryer, L. K. & Nakao, K. (2020). The Future of Survey Self-report: An experimental test of Likert, VAS, Slide, & “Swipe” touch interfaces. FrontLine Learning Research. doi: https://doi.org/10.14786/flr.v8i2.502
​
Fryer, L. K. & Dinsmore, D. L. (2020). The Promise and Pitfalls of Self-report: Development, research design and analysis issues, and multiple methods. Frontline Learning Research. doi: https://doi.org/10.14786/flr.v8i3.623
​
The Power of Formative Assessment
Leenknecht, M. Loyens, S. & Fryer, L. K. (2020). Formative assessment as practice: The Role of students’ motivation. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2020.1765228
​
==================================================================================================================
​
BOOK/BOOK CHAPTERS:
​
Learning Strategies
Dinsmore, D. L. Fryer, L. K., & Parkinson, M. M. (2020). Introduction: What are strategies? In D. L. Dinsmore, L. K. Fryer, & M. M. Parkinson (Eds.), Handbook of strategies and strategic processing: Conceptualization, measurement, and analysis. New York: Routledge.
​
Dinsmore, D. (Ed.), Fryer, L. K. (Ed.), Parkinson, M. (Ed.). (2020). Handbook of Strategies and Strategic Processing. New York: Routledge, https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429423635
​
Motivations to Learn
Oga-baldwin, W. L. & Fryer, L. K. (2018). Growing Up in the Walled Garden: Motivation, Engagement, and the Japanese Educational Experience. In G. Liem & S. Tan. (Eds), Student Motivation, Engagement, and Growth: Asian Insights. New York: Routledge.
​
Oga-baldwin, W. & Fryer, L. K. (2021). Engagement growth in language learning classrooms A latent growth analysis of emotional, behavioral and cognitive engagement in Japanese elementary school classrooms. Tokyo: Multilingual Matters.
​
​
Advanced Analytical Methods
Fryer, L. K., & Shum, A. (2020). Person-centered approaches to explaining students’ cognitive processing strategies. In D. L. Dinsmore, L. K. Fryer, & M. M. Parkinson (Eds.), Handbook of strategies and strategic processing: Conceptualization, measurement, and analysis. New York: Routledge.
​
Fryer, L. K., Larson-Hall, J., & Stewart, J. (2018). Experimental and longitudinal advances in language learning research. In A. Phakiti, P. D. Costa, L. Plonsky, & S. Starfield (Eds.), Palgrave Handbook of Applied Linguistics Research Methodology. New York: Palgrave.
​